The Best Historic Cities To Visit In Europe
Europe has a rich and complex history dating back thousands of years. Having been shaped by numerous civilisations, the continent is now a melting pot of cultures, traditions and landmarks that reflect its far-reaching influences.
Whether you’re admiring ancient ruins, exploring grand palaces or wandering through charming old towns, there is never a shortage of historical discoveries in Europe. In this article, we will explore Kraków, Rome, Dubrovnik, Athens and Istanbul, 5 unique historic cities in Europe. From archaeological sites to galleries and monuments, we cover all the top attractions that each city has to offer.
Kraków, Poland
Kraków is one of Poland’s most culturally rich cities located in the southern part of the country. It has a long history dating back to the 7th century, showcasing a rich blend of medieval, Gothic and Renaissance influences. The city also holds a significant place in World War II history, both as a major region of Nazi occupation and for its connection to the Holocaust.
Walking through Kraków is like stepping back in time, with the historic centre reflecting a medieval layout with impressive castles and squares. The Wawel Castle is an iconic symbol of Polish royalty built in the 11th century. Located in the heart of Kraków, the castle complex features courtyards, towers and grand royal chambers which visitors are free to explore.
The Rynek Główny, or main market square, is one of the largest and most famous medieval town squares in Europe. It has been the heart of the city for over 700 years, serving as a hub for trade, social gatherings and festivals. Now, visitors can enjoy its outdoor cafes and restaurants, or if you’re visiting in the winter, experience the festivities of the vibrant Kraków Christmas Market.
Kraków is a popular base for those looking to visit the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. This former concentration camp is located near the town of Oświęcim and visitors can take a bus directly from Kraków’s Main Bus Station to Auschwitz, taking around 1.5 hours. The camp houses numerous permanent exhibitions that provide a haunting insight into the lives of prisoners and the atrocities committed there between 1940 and 1945.
Rome, Italy
Rome, the capital city of Italy, is often referred to as ‘The Eternal City’ reflecting its enduring cultural and historical significance. During the Roman Empire, the city played a central role in shaping Western civilisation and influenced politics, law, architecture and religion for over 2,500 years.
There are many iconic landmarks in Rome, but the Colosseum is one of the most famous and visited in all of Italy. This magnificent amphitheatre was built in 72 AD and was used as an entertainment area for the public to watch gladiator fights, animal hunts and even executions! Visitors can enjoy a guided tour for deeper historical insights, and walk in the footsteps of brave gladiators who once roamed the arena.
The Vatican City is the world’s smallest country located in the heart of Rome. This enclave is the spiritual centre of Catholicism and is home to St. Peter’s Basilica, one of the largest and holiest churches in the world. Explore the Vatican Museum home to over 70,000 artworks spanning thousands of years, and visit The Sistine Chapel where you can see Michelangelo’s famous ceiling fresco depicting ‘The Creation of Adam’.
There are some amazing tours in Italy on offer, taking you on a journey through Italy’s most iconic cities. From Rome’s Trevi Fountain to Florence’s Uffizi Gallery and Venice’s St. Marks Square, expert guides will craft flexible, personalised itineraries based on your interests.
Dubrovnik, Croatia
Dubrovnik is a coastal city in Croatia, often referred to as ‘The Pearl of the Adriatic’ for its stunning natural beauty. Alongside its beaches and boat tours, Dubrovnik is actually one of the most historically rich destinations in Europe, reflected by its ancient city walls, medieval fortresses and impressive palaces.
The City walls were built in the 12th century and stretch around 2 kilometres around the Old Town. Here, you can see the terracotta rooftops of the Old Town buildings, as well as gain panoramic vistas of the Adriatic waters. For the best views, be sure to go early in the morning to avoid the afternoon crowds!
As you roam the Old Town, you will be met with charming cobbled streets and a host of magnificent historical buildings, cathedrals and palaces. The Sponza Palace is one of Dubrovnik’s most beautiful Renaissance structures in the heart of the Old Town. Built in the 16th century, the palace was once the centre of economic and political life, functioning as a treasury and armoury. Today, visitors can explore its marble hallways and soak in the history that emanates from its walls.
History lovers can discover luxury Croatia tours that explore Dubrovnik, as well as other key cities like Split, Hvar and Zagreb. With expert guides crafting itineraries based on your preferences, you will experience the very best of each destination and learn about its diverse history.
Athens, Greece
Athens is the capital city of Greece and is known as the birthplace of democracy and Western civilisation. This city was the epicentre of ancient philosophy, politics, art and culture and is home to some of the most well-preserved landmarks in the world.
The Acropolis is a hilltop citadel that stands above the city of Athens and is most famous for the Parthenon Temple dedicated to the Goddess Athena. This giant marble structure was built during the 5th century BCE and served as a place of worship, as well as a royal residence. Now, the Acropolis is one of the most visited archaeological sites in the world. Be sure to get your tickets online before visiting to ensure your space, and consider an early morning slot to avoid the mid-day heat.
The Ancient Agora was the heart of public life in ancient Athens. Once a marketplace, courthouse, religious temple and Odeon theatre, it was a bustling site where people came to worship, discuss politics, watch performances and do their weekly shopping. Wander around the fascinating ruins and explore the collections in the Agora Museum to get a flavour of true ancient life.
Istanbul, Turkey
Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey, is famously known as ‘The City of Two Continents’, spanning both Europe and Asia. Formerly known as Byzantium and later Constantinople, it has been the capital of multiple great empires. Now, Istanbul is a cultural melting pot, reflecting its Roman and Ottoman past.
There are many famous religious buildings in Istanbul, but the Hagia Sophia is a must-see. This 6th-century church later converted into a mosque, is a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture, with its impressive dome and stunning mosaics. The church is open daily for visitors to explore and see the magnificent golden interiors. The Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace are also important landmarks that are a fantastic addition to your itinerary if you want to see the very best historic and religious architecture in Istanbul.
The Grand Bazar is one of the world’s largest and oldest covered markets dating back to the 15th century. With over 4,000 shops, the market sells a variety of local crafts and produce, including carpets, jewellery, spices and souvenirs. Sample succulent Turkish kebab and sweet baklava pastry, or simply stroll around these vibrant stalls to see where trade began and continues to thrive in Istanbul.
Summary
Europe is a history-lovers paradise, home to grand palaces, ancient temples, medieval towns and magnificent museums. Each city has a unique charm, offering its visitors the chance to step back into a different period of history. Whether you choose to explore Athen’s Acropolis, Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia or Rome’s Colosseum, you’re never short of things to discover and learn in Europe!