Allergies can significantly affect daily life, from seasonal sneezing fits to recurring discomfort caused by environmental allergens. For those seeking relief beyond daily medications, allergy shots (formally known as allergen immunotherapy) are an available option. But how do they work to address allergies, and what can you expect from this treatment process?
What Are Allergy Shots?
Allergy shots refer to a medical treatment designed to reduce allergic reactions to certain triggers, also called allergens. These allergens can include a variety of substances, such as pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander, or insect venom. Allergy shots involve the gradual injection of small doses of these allergens. Over time, the immune system becomes less sensitive to the targeted allergens. This treatment is tailored to individuals and requires a detailed allergy assessment performed by a specialist. Through testing, the specialist identifies the specific allergens causing reactions. Using this information, a customized treatment plan is developed.
How Do They Work?
Allergy shots work by training the immune system to tolerate allergens that previously caused reactions. This technique leverages a method called immunotherapy, where a controlled amount of allergen is introduced into the body in incremental doses. The goal is to reduce the immune system’s hyperreaction to the allergen; a process referred to as desensitization. During an allergic reaction, the immune system identifies a harmless substance as a threat, releasing chemicals like histamines that cause symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, or swelling. Allergy shots lower this response over time by helping the immune system adapt and become less reactive to the allergen.
Two-Step Process
The allergy shot process is typically split into two phases:
- Build-Up Phase: During this phase, you receive injections containing small but gradually increasing amounts of the allergen. This typically occurs over a period of weeks to months, with 1-2 injections per week. The gradual increase allows the immune system to adjust without triggering severe symptoms.
- Maintenance Phase: Once the optimal dose is reached in the build-up phase, the treatment moves to the maintenance phase. At this stage, injections are spaced out to every 2-4 weeks, continuing for several months to a few years.
The length of treatment can vary for each person, depending on the severity of their allergies and their response to the therapy.
What Should You Expect?
Receiving an allergy shot is a straightforward process, typically performed in a clinical setting. The allergen solution is injected just beneath the skin, typically into the upper arm. The appointment is relatively quick, taking only a few minutes for the injection itself. After each injection, there is usually a 30-minute observation period to monitor for potential adverse reactions. These occurrences are rare, but trained staff are equipped to address them if they arise.
Commitment and Results
It should be recognized that allergy shots are a long-term commitment. The timeline for noticeable improvement varies. Many individuals begin to experience relief during the maintenance phase, while others may require a full year or more of treatment before seeing significant changes. The changes can be far-reaching, reducing the reliance on daily allergy medications or enabling individuals to live more comfortably in environments previously dominated by their allergens.
Making an Appointment With an Allergist
Allergy shots are an established medical treatment for managing allergic reactions. They function not as a quick-fix solution but as a gradual desensitization approach that works directly with the immune system to reduce sensitivity over time. For those exploring this option, it’s recommended to consult with an allergist to discuss personal health history, undergo testing for allergen identification, and weigh the suitability of this treatment.
